Somayeh Shahhosseini; Ali Faridzad; Ali Faridzad
Abstract
Some researchers consider trade liberalization as a factor for increasing the quality of the environment. However, others argue that trade liberalization leads to some countries specialize in the production of pollution-intensive, energy-intensive or capital-intensive goods and therefore the quality ...
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Some researchers consider trade liberalization as a factor for increasing the quality of the environment. However, others argue that trade liberalization leads to some countries specialize in the production of pollution-intensive, energy-intensive or capital-intensive goods and therefore the quality of the environment is reduced. Since theory offers grounds for both positive and negative relationship between trade and the environment, the issue must be settled through empirical analysis. In this context, the main question here is how international trade affects quality of environment in oil exporting countries? For this purpose, in the form of composition, scale and technical effects, we construct a panel data analysis to identify the relationship between international trade and carbon emission of selected oil exporting countries during 1990–2011. Our results suggest that there is positive relationship between trade openness and carbon emission and thus, pollution heaven hypothesis for these countries is not rejected. Also, the relationship between per capita output and carbon emission is N-shape and scale effect is negative. Furthermore, increasing comparative advantage and foreign direct investment leads to a reduction in oil exporting countries’ carbon emissions; which respectively indicate scale and technical effects of the international trade to be negative.
Ali Faridzad; Habib Morovvat
Volume 15, Issue 58 , October 2015, , Pages 1-36
Abstract
Resilience economy as a new subject is considered for Iranian economic policies since 2013. Applying mainstream economic theories for solving economic issues in Iran is the main concern of general policies on resilience economy. Accordingly, evaluation of vulnerability of economic sectors regarding to ...
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Resilience economy as a new subject is considered for Iranian economic policies since 2013. Applying mainstream economic theories for solving economic issues in Iran is the main concern of general policies on resilience economy. Accordingly, evaluation of vulnerability of economic sectors regarding to international sanctions can identify the vulnerable sectors with the purpose of planning and executing economic resilience policies. In this study, intermediate import decomposition is used for identifying import dependence of sectors and the method of mixed variable input-output model based on constrained supply approach is applied regarding the year 2011 input-output table which is aggregated for 9 sectors. Results show that first, regarding to the constraines of supply based on import dependence of each sector, the sectors of industry and mine sector, water, electricity and natural gas distribution services and construction are the most vulnerable sectors and second, the economic sectors which have more shares in Iran aggregate import aren’t more vulnerable necessarily.
